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Menachem Mendel Schneersohn (September 9, 1789 – March 17, 1866 OS) also known as the ''Tzemach Tzedek'' was an Orthodox rabbi, leading 19th century posek, and the third Rebbe (spiritual leader) of the Chabad Lubavitch chasidic movement. ==Biography== The Tzemach Tzedek was born in Liozna, on 29 Elul 5549. His mother Devorah Leah died just three years later, and her father Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi raised him as his own son. He married his first cousin Chaya Mushka Schneersohn, daughter of Rabbi Dovber Schneuri. After his father-in-law/uncle's death, and a three-year interregnum during which he tried to persuade the hasidim to accept his brother-in-law Menachem-Nachum Schneuri or his uncle Chaim-Avraham as their leader,〔 he assumed the leadership of Lubavitch on the eve of Shavuot 5591 (May 5, 1831 OS). He was known as the ''Tzemach Tzedek'' ("Righteous Sprout" or "Righteous Scion"), after the title of a voluminous compendium of ''halakha'' (Jewish law) that he authored.〔"Tzemach" (צמח) has the same gematria as "Menachem" (מנחם), and "Tzedek" (צדק) has the same as "Mendel" (מענדל). The original responsa ''Tzemach Tzedek'' were those of Menachem Mendel Krochmal. Schneersohn's responsa are known as ''Shu"t Tzemach Tzedek Hachadashot'', "the new Tzemach Tzedek responsa". Rabbi Menachem Mendil Hager, the first Viznhitzer Rebbe, called his commentary on the Torah ''Tzemach Tzadik'' (צמח צדיק), because he spelled his name with an extra yod (מענדיל).〕 He also authored ''Derech Mitzvotecha'' ("Way of Your Commandments"), a mystical exposition of the ''Mitzvos''. He compiled major works of Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi for publication, including the ''Siddur L'Kol Ha'Shanah'' (commonly known as ''Siddur Im Dach''), ''Likutei Torah'' and ''Torah Ohr''. He also authored a philosophical text entitled "Sefer Chakira: Derech Emuna" (Book of Philosophy: The way of Faith). The Tzemach Tzedek enjoyed close ties with other Jewish leaders. In the course of his battle against the ''Haskalah'' in Russia, he forged a close alliance with Rabbi Yitzchak of Valozhyn, a major leader of the misnagdim, which led to warmer relations between them and the hasidim.〔(''The Tzemach Tzedek and the ''Haskalah'' Movement'', Official Chabad history. )〕 According to Baruch Epstein, his father Rabbi Yechiel Michel Epstein spent six months under the Tzemach Tzedek's tutelage, and learned most of his mystical knowledge during that time. This story is disputed by hassidic historian Yehoshua Mondshein.〔The claim is in ''Mekor Baruch'', chapter 20. But see (''Mekor Baruch - Mekor Hakzavim'' ) by Yehoshua Mondshein.〕 His close friendship with professor J Berstenson, the Czar's court physician often helped the delicate negotiations relating to the welfare of the community.〔''Encyclopedia of Hasidism'', entry: Schneersohn, Menachem Mendel. Naftali Lowenthal. Aronson, London 1996. ISBN 1-56821-123-6〕 He set up an organisation called ''Hevras Techiyas Hameisim'' to assist Jewish boy-soldiers who were being recruited and converted to Christianity by the Russian army. These soldiers known as Cantonists were taken away from the Jewish community to other villages. Schneersohn arranged for his students to pay them regular visits to keep up their spirits and discourage them from converting.〔 In 1844-45 he took steps to increase the enrollment and viability of the Lubavitch Yeshivas in Dubroŭna, Pasana, Lyozno and Kalisz, expanding their enrollment to around 600 students in total.〔 Repeated attempts by the authorities to entrap him using informers such as Hershel Hodesh, Benjamin the Apostate and Lipman Feldman failed.〔''Sefer HaToldos Rav Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn MiLubavitch'', Glitzenstein, A. H.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Menachem Mendel Schneersohn」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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